INDIGENOUS HOMELANDS 

Since time immemorial, the land south of Canby, now known as Mark’s Prairie, was home to the Ahantchuyuk (or “Pudding River”) band of the Central Kalapuyan tribe. Their homelands stretched from Willamette Falls south to now-Salem, hemmed by the Cascade Range to the east and the Willamette River to the west.  In the 1830s, explorers and trappers unknowingly brought malaria to the region. Without immunity, the Pudding River bands were depleted by the epidemic. People of the Molalla tribe from the foothills to the east moved into the established but vacant villages in the region surrounding the Molalla River, while the few remaining Ahantchuyuk people banded together close to the Pudding River and nearby Champoeg. 

The Kalapuyans were a “wealthy” people. They used controlled burns to maintain Mark’s Prairie, nearby Gribble Prairie, Baker’s Prairie (the current site of Canby) and other areas as open meadows for easier hunting of game and harvesting of their local foods, including acorns from the Oregon white oaks on this site, wild strawberries, and camas near the creeks. Because the creeks and nearby rivers, along with the wetlands, oak savannahs, and dense fir forests, provided a moderate climate and good life for the people, Ahantchuyuk were a non-nomadic tribe.  To the east of Marks Prairie, the creeks are at their closest until they meander and merge to the northwest, then drop down the bluff to the Molalla River.

Mark Prairie is sandwiched between the later (Barlow-Monitor) Market Road 9 and (Canby-Marquam) Market Road 10 with (Gribble-Macksburg) Market Road 26 connecting the two across Gribble and Dove Creeks.  These roads were likely Native American trails for thousands of years, making this a “high-traffic” location even then.  From discovery of artifacts, it is believed that at least two permanent villages were located nearby, although no artifacts are known to have been found at the Mark Prairie Schoolhouse site.

In the 1830s, trappers released from service by the Hudson’s Bay Company and other mountain men who had come west were settling on the fertile lands of the Willamette Valley. Missionaries from the east were establishing churches and schools to convert and “save” the indigenous people. Settlers arrived in greater numbers as the Oregon Trail enticed more to head west to the Land of Eden, with the Barlow Trail over the Cascades opening in 1846.  The Mark family arrived in 1847. By 1850, tracts of 160 and 320 acres were settled as Donation Land Claims by American emigrants. On Jan 22, 1855, the Kalapuya ceded the entire Willamette River drainage in treaty. By 1900, their once-abundant population was estimated at less than 300 people.

Today, people of Kalapuyan and Molalla descent are part of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde.

By Peggy Sigler

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